What is Hand, Foot & Mouth Disease (HFMD)?
Hand, Foot & Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a contagious viral infection commonly affecting young children, especially those under five years old. Caused by viruses in the Enterovirus group, HFMD typically spreads in childcare settings, play areas, and schools.
Though generally mild, the infection is characterized by its impact on the hands, feet, and mouth, where small, painful blisters and sores form. While HFMD can affect individuals of any age, children’s developing immune systems are particularly susceptible.
Symptoms of HFMD in Children
The symptoms of HFMD generally begin with a mild fever and a sore throat, often accompanied by reduced appetite and irritability. Within a few days, red spots may appear in the mouth, on the tongue, and along the inside of the cheeks. These spots can develop into painful sores, making it uncomfortable for children to eat and drink.
Additionally, a rash may appear on the palms of the hands, the soles of the feet, and sometimes, the buttocks, thighs, and elbows. The rash typically consists of small, red spots or blisters that can be tender or itchy. Although most cases resolve within a week, the discomfort can be significant for young children, requiring supportive care.
Causes of HFMD in Children
Hand, Foot & Mouth Disease is primarily caused by the coxsackievirus A16, though other strains of enteroviruses can also lead to infection. The disease spreads through direct contact with an infected child’s saliva, nasal secretions, blister fluid, or feces.
HFMD is highly contagious, particularly during the first week of infection, and can easily spread in crowded environments where children are in close contact. Good hygiene, such as regular hand washing and disinfecting shared surfaces, can help reduce the spread, although even with precautions, outbreaks are common among children.
Risks of Untreated HFMD
While HFMD is generally a mild illness, it should not go untreated, as complications can arise. In rare cases, if symptoms worsen, HFMD can lead to viral meningitis, which affects the brain and spinal cord, or encephalitis, which is brain inflammation. Both conditions are medical emergencies requiring immediate attention.
Dehydration is another concern, especially when mouth sores make drinking painful. Untreated dehydration in young children can lead to more serious health issues, underscoring the importance of monitoring a child’s symptoms and encouraging fluid intake.
Treating HFMD in Children
There is no specific cure for HFMD, as it is a viral infection, but symptom management can help a child stay comfortable.
- Pain relievers: Acetaminophen or ibuprofen can alleviate discomfort from fever and mouth sores, though aspirin should be avoided in children.
- Soothing mouth rinses: These may help reduce the pain of mouth sores, making it easier for children to eat and drink.
- Soft, cool foods: Yogurt or smoothies can also help with mouth sore pain.
- Staying home: Being removed from daycare or school during the contagious period is important.
Within a week, most children recover fully without complications, but if symptoms persist or worsen, seeking medical guidance is essential.
If you have any questions about the treatment or prevention of Hand, Foot & Mouth Disease in kids, please give our team of board-certified pediatricians in Arvada a call.